Attribute selection
Plain answers about what exists.
The first deliverable is a count, not a file. Each stage writes down what it changed and why. The file ships with its own limitations written down.
Encoding repair
Fixing characters mangled in transit before they reach a system that will mangle them again.
Completeness testing
Checking which columns are populated and to what degree, before handover rather than after it.
Title standardisation
Folding job titles onto a common form while keeping the original text beside it.